Fix on-insert decompression for unique constraints

Inserting multiple rows into a compressed chunk could have bypassed
constraint check in case the table had segment_by columns.

Decompression is narrowed to only consider candidates by the actual
segment_by value.
Because of caching - decompression was skipped for follow-up rows of
the same Chunk.

Fixes #5553

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ accidentally triggering the load of a previous DB version.**
 * #5544 Fix refresh from beginning of Continuous Aggregate with variable time bucket
 * #5558 Use regrole for job owner
 * #5542 Enable indexscan on uncompressed part of partially compressed chunks
+* #5573 Fix unique constraint on compressed tables
 
 **Thanks**
 * @nikolaps for reporting an issue with the COPY fetcher

src/nodes/chunk_dispatch/chunk_dispatch.c

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 {
 	ChunkInsertState *cis;
 	bool cis_changed = true;
+	bool found = true;
+	Chunk *chunk = NULL;
 
 	/* Direct inserts into internal compressed hypertable is not supported.
 	 * For compression chunks are created explicitly by compress_chunk and
@@ -75,15 +77,14 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 
 	cis = ts_subspace_store_get(dispatch->cache, point);
 
+	/*
+	 * The chunk search functions may leak memory, so switch to a temporary
+	 * memory context.
+	 */
+	MemoryContext old_context = MemoryContextSwitchTo(GetPerTupleMemoryContext(dispatch->estate));
+
 	if (!cis)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * The chunk search functions may leak memory, so switch to a temporary
-		 * memory context.
-		 */
-		MemoryContext old_context =
-			MemoryContextSwitchTo(GetPerTupleMemoryContext(dispatch->estate));
-
 		/*
 		 * Normally, for every row of the chunk except the first one, we expect
 		 * the chunk to exist already. The "create" function would take a lock
@@ -92,9 +93,8 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 		 * locking the hypertable. This serves as a fast path for the usual case
 		 * where the chunk already exists.
 		 */
-		bool found;
 		Assert(slot);
-		Chunk *chunk = ts_hypertable_find_chunk_for_point(dispatch->hypertable, point);
+		chunk = ts_hypertable_find_chunk_for_point(dispatch->hypertable, point);
 
 #if PG14_GE
 		/*
@@ -108,10 +108,6 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 		{
 			chunk = ts_hypertable_create_chunk_for_point(dispatch->hypertable, point, &found);
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			found = true;
-		}
 
 		if (!chunk)
 			elog(ERROR, "no chunk found or created");
@@ -148,8 +144,16 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 		ts_set_compression_status(cis, chunk);
 
 		ts_subspace_store_add(dispatch->cache, chunk->cube, cis, destroy_chunk_insert_state);
+	}
+	else if (cis->rel->rd_id == dispatch->prev_cis_oid && cis == dispatch->prev_cis)
+	{
+		/* got the same item from cache as before */
+		cis_changed = false;
+	}
 
-		if (found && ts_chunk_is_compressed(chunk) && !ts_chunk_is_distributed(chunk))
+	if (found)
+	{
+		if (cis->chunk_compressed && cis->chunk_data_nodes == NIL)
 		{
 			/*
 			 * If this is an INSERT into a compressed chunk with UNIQUE or
@@ -159,6 +163,12 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 			 */
 			if (ts_cm_functions->decompress_batches_for_insert)
 			{
+				/* Get the chunk if its not already been loaded.
+				 * It's needed for decompress_batches_for_insert
+				 * which only uses some ids from it.
+				 */
+				if (chunk == NULL)
+					chunk = ts_hypertable_find_chunk_for_point(dispatch->hypertable, point);
 				ts_cm_functions->decompress_batches_for_insert(cis, chunk, slot);
 				OnConflictAction onconflict_action =
 					chunk_dispatch_get_on_conflict_action(dispatch);
@@ -175,14 +185,9 @@ ts_chunk_dispatch_get_chunk_insert_state(ChunkDispatch *dispatch, Point *point,
 						 errhint("To access all features and the best time-series "
 								 "experience, try out Timescale Cloud")));
 		}
+	}
 
-		MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);
-	}
-	else if (cis->rel->rd_id == dispatch->prev_cis_oid && cis == dispatch->prev_cis)
-	{
-		/* got the same item from cache as before */
-		cis_changed = false;
-	}
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);
 
 	if (cis_changed && on_chunk_changed)
 		on_chunk_changed(cis, data);

tsl/test/expected/compression_errors.out

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 -- LICENSE-TIMESCALE for a copy of the license.
 \set ON_ERROR_STOP 0
 \set VERBOSITY default
+\set ECHO none
 --table with special column names --
 create table foo2 (a integer, "bacB toD" integer, c integer, d integer);
 select table_name from create_hypertable('foo2', 'a', chunk_time_interval=> 10);
@@ -660,3 +661,49 @@ SELECT readings FROM readings;
  ("Fri Nov 11 11:11:11 2022 PST",0.2)
 (2 rows)
 
+-- Unique constraints are not always respected on compressed tables #5553
+CREATE TABLE main_table AS
+SELECT '2011-11-11 11:11:11'::timestamptz AS time, 'foo' AS device_id;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX xm ON main_table(time, device_id);
+SELECT create_hypertable('main_table', 'time', chunk_time_interval => interval '12 hour', migrate_data => TRUE);
+NOTICE:  adding not-null constraint to column "time"
+NOTICE:  migrating data to chunks
+    create_hypertable     
+--------------------------
+ (37,public,main_table,t)
+(1 row)
+
+ALTER TABLE main_table SET (
+    timescaledb.compress,
+    timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'device_id',
+    timescaledb.compress_orderby = '');
+SELECT compress_chunk(show_chunks('main_table'));
+              compress_chunk              
+------------------------------------------
+ _timescaledb_internal._hyper_37_25_chunk
+(1 row)
+
+-- insert rejected
+\set ON_ERROR_STOP 0
+INSERT INTO main_table VALUES
+    ('2011-11-11 11:11:11', 'foo');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "_hyper_37_25_chunk_xm"
+-- insert rejected in case 1st row doesn't violate constraint with different segmentby
+INSERT INTO main_table VALUES
+    ('2011-11-11 11:12:11', 'bar'),
+    ('2011-11-11 11:11:11', 'foo');
+ERROR:  duplicate key value violates unique constraint "_hyper_37_25_chunk_xm"
+\set ON_ERROR_STOP 1
+SELECT assert_equal(count(1), 1::bigint) FROM main_table;
+ assert_equal 
+--------------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- no unique check failure during decompression
+SELECT decompress_chunk(show_chunks('main_table'), TRUE);
+             decompress_chunk             
+------------------------------------------
+ _timescaledb_internal._hyper_37_25_chunk
+(1 row)
+

tsl/test/sql/compression_errors.sql

@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
 \set ON_ERROR_STOP 0
 \set VERBOSITY default
 
+\set ECHO none
+\o /dev/null
+\ir ../../../test/sql/include/test_utils.sql
+\o
+\set ECHO all
+
 --table with special column names --
 create table foo2 (a integer, "bacB toD" integer, c integer, d integer);
 select table_name from create_hypertable('foo2', 'a', chunk_time_interval=> 10);
@@ -382,3 +388,34 @@ SELECT compress_chunk(show_chunks('readings'));
 ALTER TABLE readings DROP COLUMN battery_status;
 INSERT INTO readings ("time", battery_temperature) VALUES ('2022-11-11 11:11:11', 0.2);
 SELECT readings FROM readings;
+
+-- Unique constraints are not always respected on compressed tables #5553
+CREATE TABLE main_table AS
+SELECT '2011-11-11 11:11:11'::timestamptz AS time, 'foo' AS device_id;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX xm ON main_table(time, device_id);
+
+SELECT create_hypertable('main_table', 'time', chunk_time_interval => interval '12 hour', migrate_data => TRUE);
+
+ALTER TABLE main_table SET (
+    timescaledb.compress,
+    timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'device_id',
+    timescaledb.compress_orderby = '');
+
+SELECT compress_chunk(show_chunks('main_table'));
+
+-- insert rejected
+\set ON_ERROR_STOP 0
+INSERT INTO main_table VALUES
+    ('2011-11-11 11:11:11', 'foo');
+
+-- insert rejected in case 1st row doesn't violate constraint with different segmentby
+INSERT INTO main_table VALUES
+    ('2011-11-11 11:12:11', 'bar'),
+    ('2011-11-11 11:11:11', 'foo');
+
+\set ON_ERROR_STOP 1
+SELECT assert_equal(count(1), 1::bigint) FROM main_table;
+
+-- no unique check failure during decompression
+SELECT decompress_chunk(show_chunks('main_table'), TRUE);