fix(@angular/build): show error when Node.js built-ins are used during ng serve

This commit ensures consistent behavior between `ng build` and `ng serve`. Previously, `ng serve` did not display an error message when Node.js built-in modules were included in browser bundles. By default, Vite replaces Node.js built-ins with empty modules, which can lead to unexpected runtime issues. This update addresses the problem by surfacing clear error messages, providing better developer feedback and alignment between the two commands.

Closes: #27425

packages/angular/build/src/builders/dev-server/vite-server.ts

@@ -803,6 +803,26 @@ function getDepOptimizationConfig({
   thirdPartySourcemaps: boolean;
 }): DepOptimizationConfig {
   const plugins: ViteEsBuildPlugin[] = [
+    {
+      name: 'angular-browser-node-built-in',
+      setup(build) {
+        // This namespace is configured by vite.
+        // @see: https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/a1dd396da856401a12c921d0cd2c4e97cb63f1b5/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/esbuildDepPlugin.ts#L109
+        build.onLoad({ filter: /.*/, namespace: 'browser-external' }, (args) => {
+          if (!isBuiltin(args.path)) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          return {
+            errors: [
+              {
+                text: `The package "${args.path}" wasn't found on the file system but is built into node.`,
+              },
+            ],
+          };
+        });
+      },
+    },
     {
       name: `angular-vite-optimize-deps${ssr ? '-ssr' : ''}${
         thirdPartySourcemaps ? '-vendor-sourcemap' : ''

tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/vite/browser-node-module-dep-error.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert';
+import { execAndWaitForOutputToMatch, ng } from '../../utils/process';
+import { writeFile } from '../../utils/fs';
+import { getGlobalVariable } from '../../utils/env';
+
+export default async function () {
+  assert(
+    getGlobalVariable('argv')['esbuild'],
+    'This test should not be called in the Webpack suite.',
+  );
+
+  await ng('cache', 'clean');
+  await ng('cache', 'on');
+
+  await writeFile('src/main.ts', `import '@angular-devkit/core/node';`);
+
+  const { stderr } = await execAndWaitForOutputToMatch('ng', ['serve'], /ERROR/, {
+    CI: '0',
+    NO_COLOR: 'true',
+  });
+
+  assert.match(
+    stderr,
+    /The package "node:path" wasn't found on the file system but is built into node/,
+  );
+}

tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/vite/reuse-dep-optimization-cache.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert';
+import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import { findFreePort } from '../../utils/network';
-import {
-  execAndWaitForOutputToMatch,
-  killAllProcesses,
-  ng,
-  waitForAnyProcessOutputToMatch,
-} from '../../utils/process';
+import { execAndWaitForOutputToMatch, killAllProcesses, ng } from '../../utils/process';
 
 export default async function () {
   await ng('cache', 'clean');
@@ -13,23 +9,19 @@ export default async function () {
 
   const port = await findFreePort();
 
-  // Make sure serve is consistent with build
-  await execAndWaitForOutputToMatch(
-    'ng',
-    ['serve', '--port', `${port}`],
-    /bundle generation complete/,
-    // Use CI:0 to force caching
-    { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0', NO_COLOR: 'true' },
-  );
-
-  // Wait for vite to write to FS and stablize.
-  await Promise.all([
-    waitForAnyProcessOutputToMatch(/dependencies optimized/, 5000),
-    fetch(`http://localhost:${port}/main.js`).then((r) =>
-      assert(r.ok, `Expected 'response.ok' to be 'true'.`),
+  const [, response] = await Promise.all([
+    execAndWaitForOutputToMatch(
+      'ng',
+      ['serve', '--port', `${port}`],
+      /dependencies optimized/,
+      // Use CI:0 to force caching
+      { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0', NO_COLOR: 'true' },
     ),
+    setTimeout(4_000).then(() => fetch(`http://localhost:${port}/main.js`)),
   ]);
 
+  assert(response.ok, `Expected 'response.ok' to be 'true'.`);
+
   // Terminate the dev-server
   await killAllProcesses();
 
@@ -38,6 +30,6 @@ export default async function () {
     ['serve', '--port=0'],
     /Hash is consistent\. Skipping/,
     // Use CI:0 to force caching
-    { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0' },
+    { DEBUG: 'vite:deps', CI: '0', NO_COLOR: 'true' },
   );
 }