diff --git a/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/application-extraction.ts b/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/application-extraction.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e1c6851c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/application-extraction.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
+ * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
+ */
+
+import type { ɵParsedMessage as LocalizeMessage } from '@angular/localize';
+import type { MessageExtractor } from '@angular/localize/tools';
+import type { BuilderContext, BuilderOutput } from '@angular-devkit/architect';
+import assert from 'node:assert';
+import nodePath from 'node:path';
+import { buildApplicationInternal } from '../application';
+import type { ApplicationBuilderInternalOptions } from '../application/options';
+import { buildEsbuildBrowser } from '../browser-esbuild';
+import type { NormalizedExtractI18nOptions } from './options';
+
+export async function extractMessages(
+  options: NormalizedExtractI18nOptions,
+  builderName: string,
+  context: BuilderContext,
+  extractorConstructor: typeof MessageExtractor,
+): Promise<{
+  builderResult: BuilderOutput;
+  basePath: string;
+  messages: LocalizeMessage[];
+  useLegacyIds: boolean;
+}> {
+  const messages: LocalizeMessage[] = [];
+
+  // Setup the build options for the application based on the browserTarget option
+  const buildOptions = (await context.validateOptions(
+    await context.getTargetOptions(options.browserTarget),
+    builderName,
+  )) as unknown as ApplicationBuilderInternalOptions;
+  buildOptions.optimization = false;
+  buildOptions.sourceMap = { scripts: true, vendor: true };
+
+  let build;
+  if (builderName === '@angular-devkit/build-angular:application') {
+    build = buildApplicationInternal;
+
+    buildOptions.ssr = false;
+    buildOptions.appShell = false;
+    buildOptions.prerender = false;
+  } else {
+    build = buildEsbuildBrowser;
+  }
+
+  // Build the application with the build options
+  let builderResult;
+  try {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    for await (const result of build(buildOptions as any, context, { write: false })) {
+      builderResult = result;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    assert(builderResult !== undefined, 'Application builder did not provide a result.');
+  } catch (err) {
+    builderResult = {
+      success: false,
+      error: (err as Error).message,
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Extract messages from each output JavaScript file.
+  // Output files are only present on a successful build.
+  if (builderResult.outputFiles) {
+    // Store the JS and JS map files for lookup during extraction
+    const files = new Map<string, string>();
+    for (const outputFile of builderResult.outputFiles) {
+      if (outputFile.path.endsWith('.js')) {
+        files.set(outputFile.path, outputFile.text);
+      } else if (outputFile.path.endsWith('.js.map')) {
+        files.set(outputFile.path, outputFile.text);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Setup the localize message extractor based on the in-memory files
+    const extractor = setupLocalizeExtractor(extractorConstructor, files, context);
+
+    // Attempt extraction of all output JS files
+    for (const filePath of files.keys()) {
+      if (!filePath.endsWith('.js')) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const fileMessages = extractor.extractMessages(filePath);
+      messages.push(...fileMessages);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    builderResult,
+    basePath: context.workspaceRoot,
+    messages,
+    // Legacy i18n identifiers are not supported with the new application builder
+    useLegacyIds: false,
+  };
+}
+
+function setupLocalizeExtractor(
+  extractorConstructor: typeof MessageExtractor,
+  files: Map<string, string>,
+  context: BuilderContext,
+): MessageExtractor {
+  // Setup a virtual file system instance for the extractor
+  // * MessageExtractor itself uses readFile, relative and resolve
+  // * Internal SourceFileLoader (sourcemap support) uses dirname, exists, readFile, and resolve
+  const filesystem = {
+    readFile(path: string): string {
+      // Output files are stored as relative to the workspace root
+      const requestedPath = nodePath.relative(context.workspaceRoot, path);
+
+      const content = files.get(requestedPath);
+      if (content === undefined) {
+        throw new Error('Unknown file requested: ' + requestedPath);
+      }
+
+      return content;
+    },
+    relative(from: string, to: string): string {
+      return nodePath.relative(from, to);
+    },
+    resolve(...paths: string[]): string {
+      return nodePath.resolve(...paths);
+    },
+    exists(path: string): boolean {
+      // Output files are stored as relative to the workspace root
+      const requestedPath = nodePath.relative(context.workspaceRoot, path);
+
+      return files.has(requestedPath);
+    },
+    dirname(path: string): string {
+      return nodePath.dirname(path);
+    },
+  };
+
+  const logger = {
+    // level 2 is warnings
+    level: 2,
+    debug(...args: string[]): void {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+      console.debug(...args);
+    },
+    info(...args: string[]): void {
+      context.logger.info(args.join(''));
+    },
+    warn(...args: string[]): void {
+      context.logger.warn(args.join(''));
+    },
+    error(...args: string[]): void {
+      context.logger.error(args.join(''));
+    },
+  };
+
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+  const extractor = new extractorConstructor(filesystem as any, logger, {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    basePath: context.workspaceRoot as any,
+    useSourceMaps: true,
+  });
+
+  return extractor;
+}
diff --git a/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/builder.ts b/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/builder.ts
index 17104f3710..fa34a8b486 100644
--- a/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/builder.ts
+++ b/packages/angular_devkit/build_angular/src/builders/extract-i18n/builder.ts
@@ -49,29 +49,34 @@ export async function execute(
   } catch {
     return {
       success: false,
-      error: `i18n extraction requires the '@angular/localize' package.`,
+      error:
+        `i18n extraction requires the '@angular/localize' package.` +
+        ` You can add it by using 'ng add @angular/localize'.`,
     };
   }
 
-  // Purge old build disk cache.
-  await purgeStaleBuildCache(context);
-
   // Normalize options
   const normalizedOptions = await normalizeOptions(context, projectName, options);
   const builderName = await context.getBuilderNameForTarget(normalizedOptions.browserTarget);
 
   // Extract messages based on configured builder
-  // TODO: Implement application/browser-esbuild support
   let extractionResult;
   if (
     builderName === '@angular-devkit/build-angular:application' ||
     builderName === '@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser-esbuild'
   ) {
-    return {
-      error: 'i18n extraction is currently only supported with the "browser" builder.',
-      success: false,
-    };
+    const { extractMessages } = await import('./application-extraction');
+    extractionResult = await extractMessages(
+      normalizedOptions,
+      builderName,
+      context,
+      localizeToolsModule.MessageExtractor,
+    );
   } else {
+    // Purge old build disk cache.
+    // Other build systems handle stale cache purging directly.
+    await purgeStaleBuildCache(context);
+
     const { extractMessages } = await import('./webpack-extraction');
     extractionResult = await extractMessages(normalizedOptions, builderName, context, transforms);
   }
@@ -123,7 +128,11 @@ export async function execute(
   // Write translation file
   fs.writeFileSync(normalizedOptions.outFile, content);
 
-  return extractionResult.builderResult;
+  if (normalizedOptions.progress) {
+    context.logger.info(`Extraction Complete. (Messages: ${extractionResult.messages.length})`);
+  }
+
+  return { success: true, outputPath: normalizedOptions.outFile };
 }
 
 async function createSerializer(
diff --git a/tests/legacy-cli/e2e.bzl b/tests/legacy-cli/e2e.bzl
index 57a22478df..37d7d6b157 100644
--- a/tests/legacy-cli/e2e.bzl
+++ b/tests/legacy-cli/e2e.bzl
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ ESBUILD_TESTS = [
     "tests/build/relative-sourcemap.js",
     "tests/build/styles/**",
     "tests/commands/add/add-pwa.js",
+    "tests/i18n/extract-ivy*",
 ]
 
 # Tests excluded for esbuild
diff --git a/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy-disk-cache.ts b/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy-disk-cache.ts
index 61a2f48e62..ad4535539c 100644
--- a/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy-disk-cache.ts
+++ b/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy-disk-cache.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { join } from 'path';
 import { getGlobalVariable } from '../../utils/env';
-import { expectFileToMatch, rimraf, writeFile } from '../../utils/fs';
+import { appendToFile, expectFileToMatch, rimraf, writeFile } from '../../utils/fs';
 import { installPackage, uninstallPackage } from '../../utils/packages';
 import { ng } from '../../utils/process';
 import { updateJsonFile } from '../../utils/project';
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ export default async function () {
   // Setup an i18n enabled component
   await ng('generate', 'component', 'i18n-test');
   await writeFile(join('src/app/i18n-test', 'i18n-test.component.html'), '<p i18n>Hello world</p>');
+  // Actually use the generated component to ensure it is present in the application output
+  await appendToFile('src/app/app.component.html', '<app-i18n-test>');
 
   // Install correct version
   let localizeVersion = '@angular/localize@' + readNgVersion();
diff --git a/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy.ts b/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy.ts
index 0fba95b632..bb82c8f1e8 100644
--- a/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy.ts
+++ b/tests/legacy-cli/e2e/tests/i18n/extract-ivy.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { join } from 'path';
 import { getGlobalVariable } from '../../utils/env';
-import { expectFileToMatch, writeFile } from '../../utils/fs';
+import { appendToFile, expectFileToMatch, writeFile } from '../../utils/fs';
 import { installPackage, uninstallPackage } from '../../utils/packages';
 import { ng } from '../../utils/process';
 import { expectToFail } from '../../utils/utils';
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ export default async function () {
   // Setup an i18n enabled component
   await ng('generate', 'component', 'i18n-test');
   await writeFile(join('src/app/i18n-test', 'i18n-test.component.html'), '<p i18n>Hello world</p>');
+  // Actually use the generated component to ensure it is present in the application output
+  await appendToFile('src/app/app.component.html', '<app-i18n-test>');
 
   // Should fail if `@angular/localize` is missing
   const { message: message1 } = await expectToFail(() => ng('extract-i18n'));